Nidan (diagnosis)

As per ayurveda diseases occurs when dosha imbalance occurs in our body, Ayurveda have various types of pariksha for the diagnosis like asthvidha  pariksha for dosha imbalance condition, dashvidha pariksha for dosha,dushay and individual’s physical condition.

In Ayurveda, diagnosis (Nidana) is a comprehensive process that goes beyond identifying the disease; it focuses on understanding the root cause, doshic imbalances, and overall health of an individual. The Ayurvedic diagnostic approach includes : 1 Rog Pariksha,  2 Rogi Pariksha

1. Rog Pariksha ( Disease Examination)

This involves identifying the disease based on its symptoms, nature, and progression. It includes:

• Nidana (Cause): Identifying the root cause of the disease.
• Purvarupa (Prodromal Symptoms): Early signs before the disease fully manifests.
• Rupa (Symptoms): Fully developed symptoms of the disease.
• Upashaya (Relief Factors): Observing what improves or worsens the condition.
• Samprapti (Pathogenesis): The stages of disease progression.

2. Rog Pariksha ( Patient Examination )

A detailed assessment of the patient is done through different methods:

1. Trividha Pariksha (Threefold Examination)

• • Darshana (Observation): Examining physical features, complexion, posture, and behaviour.
  • Sparshana (Touch/Palpation): Checking pulse (Nadi Pariksha), skin texture, body temperature, and tenderness.
  • Prashna (Questioning): Asking about diet, lifestyle, sleep, digestion, and mental state.

2. Ashtavidh Pariksha:
Ashtavidh Pariksha(also known as the Eightfold Examination) is a fundamental diagnostic method in Ayurveda that involves evaluating eight different aspects of a patient’s health. This comprehensive diagnostic technique is used to assess both the physical and mental well-being of an individual. The purpose is to understand the balance or imbalance of the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and determine the state of a person’s health.

The eight types of examination in Ashtavidh Pariksha are:

1. Nadi Pariksha (Pulse Diagnosis): The pulse is examined to assess the strength, rhythm, and qualities of the pulse at different points on the wrist. This helps to understand the balance of the doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and gives insight into the body’s vitality and overall health.

2. Mutra Pariksha ( Urine Examination ) : The colour, odour, and quantity of urine are assessed to diagnose various conditions related to
digestion, metabolism, and the functioning of the kidneys and urinary system. Urinary changes can indicate dosha imbalances, dehydration, or other health issues.

3. Mala Pariksha (Stool Examination): The nature of the stool (colour, consistency, frequency, etc.) provides valuable information about digestion and elimination. This test can indicate the presence of digestive disorders, constipation, diarrhoea, or imbalances in the body.

4. Jihva Pariksha (Tongue Examination): The appearance of the tongue is evaluated for its color, coating, and shape. This provides insights into the health of the digestive system and the state of the doshas. A coating on the tongue may suggest toxins, while a pale tongue could indicate weakness or blood deficiency.

5. Shabda Pariksha (Speech/Voice Examination): The quality of the voice is analyzed to determine the health of the respiratory system and mind. A hoarse voice, for example, may indicate issues with the throat or lungs, while changes in speech may suggest mental or neurological imbalances.

6. Drik Pariksha (Vision Examination): The clarity and condition of the eyes are assessed. Clear and bright eyes typically suggest good health, while dull or red eyes may indicate dosha imbalances, especially Pitta.

7. Sparsha Pariksha (Touch Examination): This involves assessing the texture and temperature of the skin, body, and pulse. It helps identify any imbalances related to the doshas or the presence of toxins in the body

8. Aakriti Pariksha (Physical Examination): The overall physical appearance, body shape, and structure are evaluated. The practitioner looks for signs of health or disease, including slin texture, muscle tone, and overall energy levels.

Each of these aspects provides important information about the individual’s current health status and potential areas of concern. When combined, they give a holistic view of the person’s physical, mental, and emotional well-being.

Purpose of Ashtavidh Pariksha:

• To diagnose the root cause of health imbalances.
• To assess the three doshas (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and how they affect the body and mind.
• To offer personalized treatment recommendations based on the individual’s constitution (Prakriti) and current imbalances (Vikriti).
• To help prevent disease and promote long-term health through a deeper understanding of the body’s state.

This diagnostic system plays a vital role in Ayurvedic medicine, helping practitioners design appropriate treatment plans, lifestyle changes, dietary adjustments, and herbal remedies tailored to each individual.

3. Dashvidha Pariksha

Dashavidha Pariksha is a holistic approach in Ayurveda that ensures precise diagnosis and treatment by considering multiple aspects of an individual’s health. It reflects Ayurveda’s personalized and preventive healthcare system.

In Ayurveda, Dashavidha Pariksha refers to the tenfold examination of a patient, which helps in understanding the individual’s Prakriti (constitution), Vikriti (disease condition), and Bala (strength of the body and disease). This examination is crucial for accurate diagnosis, prognosis And treatment planning.

1. Prakruti (प्रकृति): The natural body’s constitution of individual.
   • The natural body constitution of an individual (Vata, Pitta, Kapha or their combinations).
   • It is determined at birth and remains constant throughout life.
2.  Vikruti (विकृति):The disease susceptibility
   • The imbalance of Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) and the pathological state.
   • Helps in understanding the present disease condition.
3. Sara (सार):Tissue Quality & Strength
   • Examines the excellence of different Dhatus (body tissues like Rasa, Rakta, Mamsa, etc.).
   • Indicates immunity, vitality, and strength.
4.  Samhanana (संहनन):The compactness of the body
   • The overall built and compactness of muscles, bones, and body structure.
   • Determines physical endurance and stability.
5.  Pramana (प्रमाण): Anthropometry or measurement
   • Examines the height, weight, and proportions of the body.
   • Aids in determining health status and Dosha balance.
6.  Satmya (सात्म्य): Suitability or adaptability
   • The body’s adaptability to food, lifestyle, and environment.
   • Helps in identifying suitable diet and lifestyle modifications.
7. Sattva (सत्व):  Mental stamina or strength
                                                                                       Satva refers to mental resilience, self-control, intelligence, patience, and the ability to endure life’s advertises. It plays a crucial role in maintaining harmony between the body, mind, and soul. Acharyas Charaka and Sushruta have classified Satva into three categories:
   • Pravara Satva (Strong Mind – High Sattva)
   • Madhyama Satva (Moderate Mind – Average Sattva)
   • Avara Satva (Weak Mind – Low Satva)
8. Aahara Shakti (आहार शक्ति): The digestive power or appetite
   • Assesses Agni (digestive fire) and the ability to digest different types of food.
   • Classified as Pravara (strong), Madhyama (moderate), and Avara (weak).
9. Vyayama Shakti (व्यायाम शक्ति): Capacity for Physical Activity
   • Determines the ability to perform physical exertion and exercise.
   • Helps in recommending lifestyle and exercise routines.
10. Vaya (वय):The age
    • The age of the individual ( Bala-childhood, Madhya – adulthood, Vriddha – old age).
    • Helps in deciding treatment approaches suitable for different age groups.